JBR-4478 Implement support for native accessible caret events on Windows

The feature adds caret tracking support for assistive tools that don't work with Java Access Bridge, specifically, for the built-in Windows Magnifier.
It works by implementing Win32 IAccessible interface for the text caret, and sending EVENT_OBJECT_LOCATIONCHANGE events whenever it changes.
It's enabled by default and can be disabled by setting `sun.awt.windows.use.native.caret.accessibility.events` property to false.

make/modules/java.desktop/lib/Awt2dLibraries.gmk

@@ -204,7 +204,7 @@ $(eval $(call SetupJdkLibrary, BUILD_LIBAWT, \
     LIBS_windows := kernel32.lib user32.lib gdi32.lib gdiplus.lib winspool.lib \
         imm32.lib ole32.lib uuid.lib shell32.lib \
         comdlg32.lib winmm.lib comctl32.lib shlwapi.lib \
-        delayimp.lib jvm.lib $(WIN_JAVA_LIB) advapi32.lib dwmapi.lib $(A11Y_NVDA_ANNOUNCING_LIBS), \
+        delayimp.lib jvm.lib $(WIN_JAVA_LIB) advapi32.lib dwmapi.lib $(A11Y_NVDA_ANNOUNCING_LIBS) oleacc.lib, \
     VERSIONINFO_RESOURCE := $(LIBAWT_VERSIONINFO_RESOURCE), \
     EXTRA_RCFLAGS := $(LIBAWT_RCFLAGS), \
 ))

src/java.desktop/windows/classes/sun/awt/windows/AccessibleCaretLocationNotifier.java

@@ -0,0 +1,170 @@
+/*
+ * Copyright 2024 JetBrains s.r.o.
+ * DO NOT ALTER OR REMOVE COPYRIGHT NOTICES OR THIS FILE HEADER.
+ *
+ * This code is free software; you can redistribute it and/or modify it
+ * under the terms of the GNU General Public License version 2 only, as
+ * published by the Free Software Foundation.  Oracle designates this
+ * particular file as subject to the "Classpath" exception as provided
+ * by Oracle in the LICENSE file that accompanied this code.
+ *
+ * This code is distributed in the hope that it will be useful, but WITHOUT
+ * ANY WARRANTY; without even the implied warranty of MERCHANTABILITY or
+ * FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.  See the GNU General Public License
+ * version 2 for more details (a copy is included in the LICENSE file that
+ * accompanied this code).
+ *
+ * You should have received a copy of the GNU General Public License version
+ * 2 along with this work; if not, write to the Free Software Foundation,
+ * Inc., 51 Franklin St, Fifth Floor, Boston, MA 02110-1301 USA.
+ *
+ * Please contact Oracle, 500 Oracle Parkway, Redwood Shores, CA 94065 USA
+ * or visit www.oracle.com if you need additional information or have any
+ * questions.
+ */
+
+package sun.awt.windows;
+
+import sun.awt.AWTAccessor;
+import sun.java2d.SunGraphicsEnvironment;
+
+import javax.swing.*;
+import javax.swing.event.CaretEvent;
+import javax.swing.event.CaretListener;
+import javax.swing.text.JTextComponent;
+import java.awt.*;
+import java.awt.im.InputMethodRequests;
+import java.beans.PropertyChangeEvent;
+import java.beans.PropertyChangeListener;
+import java.lang.ref.WeakReference;
+
+/**
+ * Provides caret tracking support for assistive tools that don't work with Java Access Bridge.
+ * Specifically, it's targeted for the built-in Windows Magnifier.
+ * This class listens to caret change events of a currently focused JTextComponent and forwards them to the native code,
+ * which in turn sends them as Win32 IAccessible events.
+ * <p>
+ * A typical high-level scenario of interaction with the magnifier:
+ * <ol>
+ * <li>Magnifier sends a WM_GETOBJECT window message to get accessible content of the window.</li>
+ * <li>The message is handled in AwtComponent native class (awt_Component.cpp),
+ *     which calls {@link #startCaretNotifier}.</li>
+ * <li>We start listening for keyboard focus change events.</li>
+ * <li>If at some point focus gets to a {@link JTextComponent}, we subscribe to its caret events.</li>
+ * <li>When caret changes, we need to move the magnifier viewport to the new caret location.
+ *     To achieve this, we create a Win32 IAccessible object for the caret (see AccessibleCaret.cpp),
+ *     and send an event that its location was changed (EVENT_OBJECT_LOCATIONCHANGE).</li>
+ * <li>Magnifier receives this event and sends WM_GETOBJECT message with OBJID_CARET argument
+ *     to get the caret object and its location property. After that, it moves the viewport to the returned location.
+ * </li>
+ * <li>When the {@link JTextComponent} loses focus, we stop listening to caret events
+ *     and release the IAccessible caret object.</li>
+ * </ol>
+ * </p>
+ * <p>
+ * The feature is enabled by default
+ * and can be disabled by setting sun.awt.windows.use.native.caret.accessibility.events property to false.
+ * </p>
+ */
+@SuppressWarnings("unused") // Used from the native through JNI.
+class AccessibleCaretLocationNotifier implements PropertyChangeListener, CaretListener {
+    private static AccessibleCaretLocationNotifier caretNotifier;
+    private static final boolean nativeCaretEventsEnabled =
+            Boolean.parseBoolean(System.getProperty("sun.awt.windows.use.native.caret.accessibility.events", "true"));
+
+    private WeakReference<JTextComponent> currentFocusedComponent;
+    private long currentHwnd;
+
+    @SuppressWarnings("unused") // Called from the native through JNI.
+    public static void startCaretNotifier(long hwnd) {
+        if (nativeCaretEventsEnabled && caretNotifier == null) {
+            SwingUtilities.invokeLater(() -> {
+                caretNotifier = new AccessibleCaretLocationNotifier(hwnd);
+                KeyboardFocusManager cfm = KeyboardFocusManager.getCurrentKeyboardFocusManager();
+                cfm.addPropertyChangeListener("focusOwner", caretNotifier);
+                if (cfm.getFocusOwner() instanceof JTextComponent textComponent) {
+                    caretNotifier.propertyChange(new PropertyChangeEvent(caretNotifier, "focusOwner", null, textComponent));
+                }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    public AccessibleCaretLocationNotifier(long hwnd) {
+        currentHwnd = hwnd;
+    }
+
+    private static native void updateNativeCaretLocation(long hwnd, int x, int y, int width, int height);
+    private static native void releaseNativeCaret(long hwnd);
+    private static native void notifyFocusedWindowChanged(long hwnd);
+
+    @Override
+    public void propertyChange(PropertyChangeEvent e) {
+        Window w = KeyboardFocusManager.getCurrentKeyboardFocusManager().getFocusedWindow();
+        if (w != null) {
+            WWindowPeer wp = AWTAccessor.getComponentAccessor().getPeer(w);
+            if (wp != null) {
+                long hwnd = wp.getHWnd();
+                if (currentHwnd != hwnd) {
+                    currentHwnd = hwnd;
+                    notifyFocusedWindowChanged(currentHwnd);
+                }
+            }
+        }
+
+        Object newFocusedComponent = e.getNewValue();
+        if (currentFocusedComponent != null) {
+            JTextComponent currentComponentStrong = currentFocusedComponent.get();
+            if (currentComponentStrong != null && newFocusedComponent != currentComponentStrong) {
+                currentComponentStrong.removeCaretListener(this);
+                currentFocusedComponent.clear();
+                currentFocusedComponent = null;
+                releaseNativeCaret(currentHwnd);
+            }
+        }
+
+        if (newFocusedComponent instanceof JTextComponent textComponent) {
+            currentFocusedComponent = new WeakReference<>(textComponent);
+            textComponent.addCaretListener(this);
+            // Trigger caret event when the text component receives focus to notify about the initial caret location.
+            caretUpdate(new CaretEvent(textComponent) {
+                // Dot and mark won't be used, so we can set any values.
+                @Override
+                public int getDot() { return 0; }
+
+                @Override
+                public int getMark() { return 0; }
+            });
+        }
+    }
+
+    @Override
+    public void caretUpdate(CaretEvent e) {
+        if (!(e.getSource() instanceof JTextComponent textComponent)) {
+            return;
+        }
+
+        InputMethodRequests imr = textComponent.getInputMethodRequests();
+        if (imr == null) return;
+        Rectangle caretRectangle = imr.getTextLocation(null);
+        if (caretRectangle == null) return;
+        caretRectangle.width = 1;
+
+        Container parent = textComponent.getParent();
+        if (parent != null) {
+            // Make sure we don't go outside of parent bounds, which can happen in the case of scrollable components.
+            Rectangle parentBounds = parent.getBounds();
+            parentBounds.setLocation(parent.getLocationOnScreen());
+
+            if (!parentBounds.contains(caretRectangle)) {
+                caretRectangle = parentBounds.intersection(caretRectangle);
+                if (caretRectangle.isEmpty()) return;
+            }
+        }
+
+        caretRectangle = SunGraphicsEnvironment.toDeviceSpaceAbs(caretRectangle);
+
+        updateNativeCaretLocation(AccessibleCaretLocationNotifier.this.currentHwnd,
+                (int) caretRectangle.getX(), (int) caretRectangle.getY(),
+                (int) caretRectangle.getWidth(), (int) caretRectangle.getHeight());
+    }
+}