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[VChernonYA]

TypeScript has two narrowing-related behaviors that are both intentional. Please do not log additional bugs on this; see #9998 for more discussion.

The first is that narrowings are not respected in callbacks. In other words:

function fn(obj: { name: string | number }) {
  if (typeof obj.name === "string") {
    // Errors
    window.setTimeout(() => console.log(obj.name.toLowerCase());
  }
}

This is intentional since the value of obj.name "could" change types between when the narrowing occurred and when the callback was invoke. See also #11498

The second is that function calls do not reset narrowings. In other words:

function fn(obj: { name: string | number }) {
  if (typeof obj.name === "string") {
    console.log("Here");
    // Does not error
    console.log(obj.name.toLowerCase());
  }
}

This is intentional behavior, even though console.log could have mutated obj. This rule is consistently applied, even with the function is in-principle inspectable to actually have side effects

function fn(obj: { name: string | number }) {
  if (typeof obj.name === "string") {
    mut();
    // Does not error
    console.log(obj.name.toLowerCase());
  }

  function mut() {
    obj.name = 42;
  }
}